showed that pain medication plus OMT treated back pain better than either medication or OMT alone.

demonstrated that a clinic providing OMT improved long-term spinal pain.

showed that OMT treated sciatica as well as injecting chemicals to dissolve herniated disks.

The large effect size for OMT in providing substantial pain reduction in patients with chronic LBP of high severity was associated with clinically important improvement in back-specific functioning. Thus, OMT may be an attractive option in such patients before proceeding to more invasive and costly treatments.

The OMT regimen met or exceeded the Cochrane Back Review Group criterion for a medium effect size in relieving chronic low back pain. It was safe, parsimonious, and well accepted by patients.

No abstract available

The large effect size for short-term efficacy of OMT was driven by stable responders who did not relapse.

Our results suggest the OMT is a feasible approach in patients in whom available drugs cannot be used. Moreover, a benefit can be expected by the association of OMT in patients treated according to existing pharmacological protocols.

Our results suggest the OMT is a feasible approach in patients in whom available drugs cannot be used. Moreover, a benefit can be expected by the association of OMT in patients treated according to existing pharmacological protocols.